...oftARY OF CONGRESS. 



Chap. Gl(* Slo I 
Shelf v 1^7 2- 

* PRESENTED BY 

UNITED STATE50F AMERICA. 








^^y ^0y7?U<Ht{ K^^, 










&4, 



ELECTRICITY, 

THE UNIVERSAL FORCE. 

v5* ^* *E* 
BY 

HENRY RAYMOND ROGERS, M. D. 

DUNKIRK, N. Y. 



CITY PRESS PRINTING HOUSE 
Buffalo, N. Y. 

Y-- 






55453 



ELECTRICITY, 

THE UNIVERSAL FORCE. 



THE UNIVERSAL FORCE— ITS NATURE. 

BUT one force exists, and that universal force is 
demonstrably electrical. All physical phe- 
nomena, every form and manifestation of force with- 
out a single exception may be traced to the mere 
transmutation of the electrical energy. 

Force cannot be lost, wasted, or diverted. The 
currents of force which instantaneously and inces- 
santly come from the sun to the earth, and hold 
those bodies in all their due relations, must, according 
to this law, return to the sun in equal volume and 
power. In this process is found a stupendous elec- 
trical circuit, a terra-solar circuit. In such inter- 
steller action, and retro-action is embodied the secrets 
of the sun — the secrets of the Universe. 

The earth is a magnet with a magnetic axis and a 
north, or positive-pole, and a south, or negative- 
pole. The sun and all stars are magnets polarized in 



6 ELECTRICITY, 

immensity. It is reasonable to suppose that all star- 
worlds are indued with such vast electrical powers for 
actual use; therefore, since those powers cannot be 
expended upon vacuous space, they must reach out 
to, and include in their operations, all their celestial 
neighbors. 

In the action of the terra-solar and inter-stellar 
circuits, space and distance become annihilated, so 
far as electricity is concerned, and all the stars of 
the universe are as if standing side by side. Not only 
the stupendous energies, but the gentlest and most 
genial influences of the sun reach out to Neptune, 
2,800,000,000 miles distant, with the same facility 
as to the Earth, Venus, or Mercury. 

That vacuum is the most perfect condition for elec- 
trical transmission has been demonstrably shown by 
Edison, Edlund, Gordon, Crookes, and many other 
electricians. 

Electricity is substantial. It may be amassed, 
condensed, and rarefied; and mass, condensation, 
and rerefa<:tion are properties essential to matter. 

Electricity although demonstrably material, is not 
a self-existent entity. It acts, and passes on, and 
must be incessantly renewed. Its development on 
the scale of the universe is due to the same processes, 



THE UNIVERSAL FORCE. 7 

and subject to the same laws, as on the scale of the 
laboratory. 

THE UNIVERSAL FORCE— ITS SOURCE. 

Aristotle sought the source of the universal force 
and discovered it where alone it was possible to find 
it, i. e. , in the motions of the starry worlds. His 
words were these, viz : ik All force is due to motion — 
the impulse of the motion of the heavenly bodies." 
This prophetic inspiration of Atistotle has opened up 
to mankind a new revelation in the field of cosmical 
science. 

That the universal force is due to motion is today 
demonstrable. Motion, as a cosmical principle, 
now finds its true position in> the problem of the uni- 
verse. Thus, the power of the universe is embodied 
in the motions of the stupendous star-masses, with 
their inconceivable velocities. In other words, 
the universal force is the energy of celestial mo- 
tion. That this source is adequate to the supply of 
force for a universe, will not be questioned. 

It is a principle in science that a body once set in 
motion in vacuous space must continue to move on- 
ward with its initial velocity, forever. The starry 
World-magnets move in their pathways with such ex- 



8 ELECTRICITY, 

actness, and uniformity, that eclipses are calculated 
backwards and forwards for thousands of years. 

The modus operandi of the conversion of the mo- 
tions of the star-masses, together with their great 
velocities, into actual working energy, is now demon- 
strable. 

Guericke and Volta experimentally demonstrated 
that every movement of one body near another, dis- 
turbs and puts in motion electrical currents in both 
bodies. This principle applies alike on the scale of 
the laboratory and the universe. The terra-solar and 
inter-stellar circuits supply the medium for the trans- 
mission of the electrical energy developed through the 
motions of the stupendous celestial dynamos. 

Two great cosmical systems now stand before the 
world in strange and striking contrast, viz: i, the 
system of all past ages founded upon a purely hypo- 
thetical "fireball" sun, and 2, a wholly new system 
with motion as a cosmical principle for its basis, 
i. e., the motions of the star-masses with their incon- 
ceivable velocities. 

Most stupendous results are involved in this ques- 
tion, aye, nothing less than the cosmical philosophy 
of the future. If one of these systems be true, the 
other must be false. The statement of this question 



THE UNIVERSAL FORCE. 9 

is simple, and the issue clearly defined and free from 
either logical difficulties, or puzzling mysteries. 

The incandescent system calls for an enormous 
expenditure of heat on the part of our sun, and the 
millions of star-suns, and the temperature claimed 
by science, reaches into the millions of degrees, 
(Fahr.) Heat is destructive, and such an elevated 
temperature, without an adequate supply of star-fuel, 
would have ended in the destruction of our sun and 
the millions of star-suns ages ago. 

Another difficulty in the way of the present cosmi- 
cal system is found in the claims of the infallible law 
of conservation of force. This law teaches that 
neither matter, motion, nor force can be lost, wasted, 
nor diverted. An incandescent sun without resources 
within and of itself for the renewal of its substance, 
and its energies, is the very impersonation of waste- 
fulness: — the most prodigious wastefulness which 
science permits us to contemplate. 

An incongruity in the present cosmical system 
which science never has made account of, is the 
fact that this so-called incandescent sun, with its 
5,000,000 (estimated) degrees of temperature, docs 
not consume. The sun never has been known to les- 
son a single foot in its dimensions, nor a single foot- 



io ELECTRICITY, 

pound in its energies, and the distance between the 
sun and earth never has perceptibly changed. 

The foregoing considerations, or either of them, 
are fatal to the theory of an incandescent sun. But 
all these areas " trifles light as air," in comparison with 
another fact, viz: that a "fireball" sun cannot sus- 
tain human life — cannot be the dwelling place of 
immortal beings. 

We turn from this humiliating picture of millions 
of star-suns fit only for "burning," to the same mil- 
lions of star-suns filled with all life, with beings divine 
in their natures, and with all activities. This new 
philosophy conflicts with no known fact, neither with 
any dictate of reason, nor with the eternal fitness of 
things. 

This new cosmology is founded upon motion as a 

COSMICAL PRINCIPLE, THE ENERGY OF CELESTIAL MO- 
TION, in other words the motions of the dynamo- 
magnet stars. 

GRAVITY. 

The fact that gravity reaches out from star to star 
instantaneously, and incessantly, stands unquestioned, 
and this fact stamps this energy as electrical. No 
other agency can reach out to the limits of space and 
act instantaneously and incessantly. 



THE UNIVERSAL FORCE. n 

It is a law of electrical action that a body suscep- 
tible to electrical excitation, if placed in the current 
of an electric circuit becomes magnetic. The sun and 
earth form constituent parts of the great terra-solar 
circuit, and they and all things which they contain 
become vitalized with that power which we call 
gravity. 

The currents of the terra-solar circuit after passing 
invisible and free through the 93,000,000 miles of 
vacuous space, find their first resistance at the earth. 
Electrical currents possess no power unless resisted 
in their progress. In the action between the sun- 
currents and the magnetic earth, the sun and earth 
become aroused to all their powers. Thus, the power 
which holds a hundred million star-suns and stars in 
all their due relations, is explained upon the simplest 
and clearest principles of electrical science. 

The modus operandi of the action of gravity as an 
electrical phenomenon, is illustrated in Plate I. The 
earth and sun and all related spheres, being vast mag- 
nets excited into activity by their motions, their re- 
lations and movements are mainly due to polarity. 

Thus, the earth's negative south-pole, 5, Plate I, 
is in the field of the positive sun-currents on the 21st 
of December, and those bodies are then drawn into 



-? 



12 ELECTRICITY, 

their closest proximity, through electrical attraction. 
Six months later both the geographical and electrical 
relations of those bodies are reversed, and they are 
found at their greatest distance apart, through electri- 

The Earth's Elliptical Orbit. 




PLATE I. 



cal repulsion. Whether attraction or repulsion, shall 
exist between those bodies at any given time, de- 
pends altogether upon the relative positions of their 
poles. 

The essential character of the great cosmical prin- 
ciple, gravity, which was but faintly discerned by 



The universal force. 13 

those great masters in science, Aristotle, Xewton, 
Humboldt and Faraday, now becomes fully revealed 
through our modern development of electricity. 

Newton supposed gravity to be in some manner 
related to electricity. He said : "The ultimate parti- 
cles of matter are endued with inherent forces, or 
powers, of attraction and repulsion. Newton thus 
recognized in gravity the operation of a dualistic pow- 
er, a double acting power which exists in no other 
form of force save electricity. This idea of Newton, 
i. e., the repulsion of gravity, never has been practi- 
cally applied to the solution of this great problem. 
Thus, the highest teachings of this great master have 
been most strikingly and persistently ignored and dis- 
regarded. 

On the concluding page of the mechanical portion 
of his Prinicipia, are the following words : ' 'And now 
we might add something concerning a most subtle 
Spirit which pervades and lies hid in all gross bodies 
by the power and action of which Spirit the particles 
of bodies attract each other at near distances and co- 
here if contiguous; and electric bodies operate to 
greater distances, as well repelling, as attracting." 
" But," he continues, "these are things which cannot 
be explained in a few words, nor are we furnished 



14 ELECTRICITY, 

with that sufficiency of experiments which is required 
to an accurate determination and demonstration of 
the laws by which this electric or elastic Spirit oper- 
ates. " In these words Newton speaks almost pro- 
phetically, as if dimly conscious that this spirit, so 
wonderful and mysterious, might yet afford the key 
to solve the enigma of gravitation. 

Farraday was fully impressed with the idea of a 
relationship between gravity and electricity, and for 
many years endeavored to demonstrate the same, but 
was unsuccessful. A paper recorded in the 24th 
Series of Experimental Researches, received by the 
Royal Society, Aug. 1, 1850, on the possible relation 
of gravity to electricity, he finishes with the following 
words: "Here end my trials for the present. The 
results are negative but they do not shake my strong 
feeling of the existence of a relationship between 
electricity and gravity." He further said : "The dis- 
covery of a relationship between gravity and electricity 
would have a bearing in importance beyond all con- 
ception in elucidating not only the facts connected with 
these subjects, but also others of a high importance 
there being scarcely a limit to the subjects which 
would be illuminated by it." From the study of 
electricity in the field of its greatest manifestation, 



THE UNIVERSAL FORCE. 15 

i. e. , gravity, we shall be better prepared to grapple 
with the problems which have to do with celestial 
motions, with celestial electrical currents, with inclina- 
tions of axes, and eccentricity of orbits, with dimen- 
sions of spheres, and the velocities of their motions. 

The discovery of an actual relationship between 
gravity and electricity is now, iui fait accompli. 

THE EARTHS AXIAL ROTATION. 

The conception of the earth and sun as magnets, 
'applies equally to the explanation of the earth's axial 
rotation. It is demonstrable that at precisely the 
same hour, viz: 2 o'clock p. m., heat intensity and 
magnetic intensity at the earth's surface, are coinci- 
dent. From that hour the electrical^energy decreases 
until 2 o'clock a. m. , when it is found to be the least, or 
nil. Thus, at 2 o'clock p. m., the positive sun- 
currents on the one hand, and the positive earth's 
surface and atmosphere at 30 degrees west-meridian, 
on the other hand, being in like electrical conditions, 
i. e. , electro-positive, mutually repel each other, and 
the consequent push moves the earth in rotation. 
The rotating earth turning eastward, is continually 
carrying its negative condition of the night, into the 
field of the positive sun-currents, and a mutual attrac- 
tion takes place, with a consequent pull, upon that 



16 ELECTRICITY, 

side. Thus is engendered an incessant attraction on 
the east side of the earth, and a repulsion on the west 
side, giving to that body its axial rotation. 



Solar Cone. 




PLATE II. 



SUN HEAT. 
The action between the sun, and earth, is not 
wasteful, as hitherto claimed, but direct. The elec- 
trical process of heating and lighting the earth, is 
illustrated in PI. II. If the lines a. b. be drawn from 
the sun to the earth, tangent to both, they will form 



THE UNIVERSAL FORCE. 17 

a tapering space, with the sun at the big end, and the 
earth at the small end, giving to the space the form 
of a truncated cone. Within this cone-shaped space, 
all the activities between the sun and earth take place. 

The temperature of the universal space is variously 
estimated at from hundreds to millions of degrees 
below zero. Mr. Secehi said: — 18,000,000 degrees 
below zero. No particle of heat can come from the 
sun to the earth through such intervening coldness. 
Neither the sun, nor the earth possesses resources 
adequate to the supply of heat for purposes of habi- 
tation, much less for resisting the effects of the sur- 
rounding cold of space. 

The latter fact is most stupendous in its import. 
It settles at once, and forever, the question of an 
incandescent, ever-burning sun, The amount and 
kind of heat adequate to the protection of each star- 
world, never has been made account of. If every 
celestial body were a mass of coal, ignited to its cen- 
ter, the universal space would not be raised in tem- 
perature a single degree. Thus, our sun surrounded 
by the cold of space would quickly become frozen be- 
yond all usefulness, if dependent upon its own inter- 
nal resources for the power to counteract such cold- 
ness of space. 



i8 ELECTRICITY, 

Sunheat and sunlight are due to the same causes 
and subject to the same laws. Each dimnishes in 
the same ratio sunward. 

The currents of the great electrical circuit in their 
round from the sun to the earth and back again to 
the sun, pass invisible and free through the 93,000,- 
000 miles of cold and darkness, and their presence 
first becomes apparent here at the earth, in the gentle 
heat and light which they develop within our atmo- 
sphere, where the electrical sun-currents first meet 
resistance to their progress. Thus the heat and light 
which hitherto have been attributed to the sun itself, 
can be developed only in the lowest strata of our at- 
mosphere. 

SUN LIGHT. 

Sunlight finds its development in the foregoing 
processes. The scientist has made no pretence of 
asserting what sunlight, is, essentially. The most 
recent conception in regard to the sun is, that it is a 
vast and dazzling mass, compossed of incandescent 
vapors, or gases. 

In all pictorial illustrations of that body, it is 
shown with a bright face and with bright lines radiat- 
ing outwards from it, PI. III. These bright lines im- 
ply that actual heat and light, developed within and 
of itself, radiate in all directions and to all distances 



THE UNIVERSAL FORCE. 



19 



into the cold and darkness of space. Hitherto science 
has recorded no other explanation, and, today, the 
scientist offers no other. Thus, science stands com- 
mitted to the theory of an incandescent, dazzling sun. 



The Sun of Scienxe Today. 




PLATE in. 



That sunlight diminishes in the same rapid ratio 
sunward, as sunheat, is now abundantly demonstrable. 
At one and a half miles upwards the diffused light of 
the atmosphere is shown to be only from one-tenth to 
one-twentieth as great as at the surface of the earth. 



2o ELECTRICITY, 

At three and one half miles upwards, experiments 
made under the auspices of the distinguished spectro- 
scopist Mr. Janssen, conclusively show that at that 
elevation the spectroscope na Inngerxeyeals the colors 
ofjthe^ol^T_S£g£truni; only the yellow was seen and 
that, too, without lines. From that point upwards the 
sun's light continues to diminish in the same rapid 
ratio. Flammarion says: — "Outside of the atmos- 
pheric envelope of all spheres there is only the black 
of infinite space." The millions of star-suns and stars 
being surrounded by the black of infinite space, no 
light can leave their borders. 

If the millions of star-suns could project light in 
all directions and to all distances, space would be 
illuminated and there would be no night throughout 
the universe. 

Plate IV illustrates the sun of the new cosmology. 
It shows that body as surrounded by darkness and the 
stars. Plate IV therefore reveals some of the highest 
truths in cosmical science, viz : that something which 
is neither hot nor bright passes to, and fro, between 
the sun and earth, and between all the stars, and de- 
velops in the atmosphere of each, all needed heat and 
light; also that the stars are heated and lighted by 



THE UNIVERSAL FORCE. 



21 



some agency, and through some process which science 
never has satisfactorily explained. 

In view of the electrical theory of explanation of 
sun-heat, and sun-light, the philosophy of production 



The Sun of the Future. 




PLATE IV. 



of those phenomena becomes simple and clear. Thus, 
the atmosphere performs the part of a vast carbon, 
an aerial blanket carbon, so to speak ; and through 
the resistance which the atmospheric cushion offers 
to the passage of the currents of the terra-solar cir- 



;ruo <— ~V, - 



1 






22 ELECTRICITY, 

cuit, heat and light become developed everywhere at 
the surface of the earth, where alone they are needed. 
The sun therefore, may be dark, cool and habitable 
and still perform its part in heating and lighting the 
earth the same as now. 

Since atmospheric heat and light are developed 
and incessantly renewed through the electrical activity 
ever in play at, or near, the surface of the earth, 
therefore, man need no longer be deceived by the ap- 
parent heat of the sun, nor blinded to the perception 
of great cosmical truths, by its glittering superficiali- 
ties. It may not now be said that sunheat and sun- 
light come, but rather that they are. 

THE SUN'S DAZZLE. 
The most striking, and at the same time the most 
mysterious phenomenon of the sun, is its dazzle, 
yet this phenomenon is explainable upon the sim- 
plest principles of electrical and optical science. That 
delicate and powerful optical construction, the eye, 
performs a function never yet claimed for it. The 
electrical currents which come invisible from the sun, 
through the darkness of the universal space, strike 
the convex surface of the corneal lens, and become 
converged to the pupilary opening. In their passage 
through this lens they become increased in power. 



r 



THE UNIVERSAL FORCE. 23 

On the passage of these rays through the crystaline 
lens they become greatly intensified. From thence 
they become diffused over the retina through the action 
of the concavo-convex vitreous body, or lens, with 
dazzling, blinding effects. Thus, this deceptive dazzle 
is not located at the sun, neither in "the black of in- 
finite space," nor in our atmosphere, but only in the 
depths of the eye of the observer. 

The brightness of the innumerable star-suns, bil- 
lions and trillions of miles distant, cannot come as 
light, through the intervening darkness of space, but 
rather through the telescopic arrangement of the 
lenses of the eye,, the electrical star-currents impress 
upon the retina the sensation of brightness. 

Thus, while there is no object in the whole uni- 
verse so striking in its appearance, and so familiar to 
the eye, as the sun, there is no object which has 
proved so deceptive, and so misleading to mankind. 
The lessons of the mountain-top, the aeronaut and, 
the black of infinite space, have been most strangely 
and persistently ignored, and disregarded. 

There is perhaps no fact, or principle, in the whole 
domain of science more clear and decisive in determin- 
ing what shall be the cosmology of the future, than 



24 ELECTRICITY, 

the darkness of infinite space. This darkness is in- 
compatible with sunlight. This fact is conclusive. 

MOON LIGHT. 

The earth is lighted by the moon at night not 
through reflected sunlight, since currents of actual 
light cannot reach the moon through 93,000,000 miles 
of darkness ; neither can the moon transmit actual 
light to the earth, through 240,000 miles of interven- 
ing darkness, but rather, electrical currents from the 
moon develop within our atmosphere the gentle moon- 
light. 

COLD. (Atmospheric. ) 

It is a -principle in electrical science that if a cur- 
rent of electricity when passing in one direction pro- 
duces heat, when passing in the opposite direction it 
will develop cold. Thus heat and cold are alike 
transmutations of the electrical energy. They there- 
fore are correlated, as really and truly as are the posi- 
tive and negative conditions in electricity. 

Cold as an entity is as real as heat/ » jit has as dis- 
tinctive operations, and as clearly defined laws. The 
powers of cold are unquestioned. The almost fabu- 
lous polar ice fields show its might, and the delicate 
frost-pictures upon our window panes, attest the 
action of a real force. 



vM* 



THE UNIVERSAL FORCE. 25 

To compare it with heat, it is not less active. 
Heat expands, cold contracts. Heat drives the needle 
of the galvanometer in one direction, and cold drives 
it in the opposite direction. Cold is subject to the 
same laws of reflection. The absence of a thing i. e., 
nothings cannot be reflected from a polished surface. 
Cold equally affects the senses. The marvelous pow- 
er exercised by cold may not be attributed simply to 
the absence of heat, a mere negative condition. 
Thus, cold may no longer be regarded as practically 
a nonentity. The foregoing facts give to cold, equal 
status with heat, in the category of the so-called great 
physical forces. 

THE ATMOSPHERE. 

In the light of the electrical theory of force, the 
atmosphere reveals a constitution such as never has 
been claimed for it, and performs functions most mo- 
mentous in their character. 

The atmosphere everywhere surrounds the earth 
like a cushion. Its mass extends upwards three or 
four miles at its densest portion, and lessens in its 
depth and density progressively towards the poles. 

The earth-magnet is filled to repletion with the 
electrical energy, and this electrical principle reaches 
out beyond its visible borders and constitutes its sur- 



26 ELECTRICITY, 

roundings, as is the case with other magnets. Electricity 
therefore largely, and perhaps mainly, constitutes the 
atmosphere. Science tells us that the atmosphere is 
a vast storage-reservoir of the magnetic, or electrical 
principle. Since electricity is substantial, and so 
largely constitutes the atmospheric mass, it is entitled 
to a corresponding recognition in the category of at- 
mospheric constituents. 

The electrical currents of the terra-solar circuit, 
when passing through vacuous space are almost as 
tenuous as spirit, and the slight resistance offered by 
the tenuous atmosphere develops therein the gentle 
sunheat and sunlight. 

These very gentle diffused currents from the sun, 
when converged to a focus, or when meeting the re- 
sistance of a poor conductor, develop stupendous 
heating powers. Thus, but for the interposition of the 
atmospheric cushion, these currents would meet an 
amount and kind of resistance at the surface of the 
earth, which would develop a degree of heat that 
would unfit the earth for habitation. 

The Sun and planets, and moons of planets be- 
come visible only through their electric-lighted atmos- 
pheres. Without an atmosphere thus electrically 



THE UNIVERSAL FORCE. 27 

lighted, no star-world would be visible, and the uni- 
verse would be a chaos. 

The power of the sun's currents, when not intercep- 
ted by the atmosphere, is seen in the arctic regions 
where the air is most tenuous. Here the face of the 
arctic explorer becomes the object of resistance to 
these currents. The arctic sun is always low on the 
sky, and its rays, consequently, are most oblique and 
powerless, yet they burn the unprotected skin, even 
in low temperatures. 

Lieutenant Gilder says : ' 'Nowhere on the earth is 
the traveler more annoyed by acute sunburn than in 
the polar regions. The heat of ordinary exercise 
compels him to throw back the hood of his fur coat, 
and, by exposing his head, his face not only becomes 
blistered, but his entire scalp is affected as severely 
as if a bucket of scalding water had been poured on 
him." 

Lieutenant Schwatka tells us that his whole party, 
while on a sledge journey, were so severely burned 
that not only their faces but their entire heads were 
swollen to nearly twice their natural size. 

The atmosphere, with its electrical mass as a con- 
stituent, with its new, and vast, and most vital func- 



28 ELECTRICITY, 

tions, and with the field of its operations so infinitely 
enlarged, now begins a new career, a new history. 

FOURTH FORM OF MATTER. 

Electricity may be considered the long and unsuc- 
cessfully sought for Fourth Form of Matter. The 
sole and indispensable requirement for that high dis- 
tinction is, that this fourth form, shall be as much 
more tenuous than gaseous matter, as the gaseous is 
more tenuous than the liquid, or the liquid than the 
solid. Since electricity passes through solid walls, 
and through the solid earth, with as much freedom 
as wind through a grove of trees, no one will question 
that it meets that crucial test. 

THE SUN'S HEAT AND LIGHT. 

Since the so-called sunheat and sunlight are phe- 
nomena of the lowest strata of our atmosphere; the 
"burning" dazzling, sun of the past — that vast celes- 
tial "fireball" must soon give place to a sun filled 
with life, intelligence and beauty, like unto the earth. 

The identity of constitution of star-suns and stars 
is no longer questionable, and this principle is now 
accepted by some of the highest authorities in the 
field of science. Since this conclusion can not be 
controverted, and since the sun is constituted like 
the earth, the demands of that body for indispensable 



THE UNIVERSAL FORCE. 29 

heat, and light, must be met in identically the same 
manner that the earth receives its supply, i. e., that 
of the awakening of the sun's atmosphere into heat, 
light, and life-giving effects, through the action of the 
return-currents of the circuits in action between itself 
and all of its satellites. 

But one force exists, and, since the manifestations 
of that universal force are demonstrably electrical, 
the inference is both legitimate, and logical, that 
force in its lesser forms is electrical. This fact is 
now demonstrable. 

Habitability is the highest attribute of a star-world, 
and man is the highest constituent of the earth-star. 
The sun in all its grandeur, sublimity, and power 
therefore cannot be rated lower in the great cosmical 
scale, than the diminutive earth, a million and a 
quarter times smaller. The sun therefore, and all 
stars are magnets, and inhabitable. 

The estimate of the number of the stars, as ad- 
vanced by distinguished astronomers, reaches nearly 
100,000,000. Every star is like unto the earth, a 
dynamo-magnet, polarized in immensity, and every 
dynamo-magnet star in motion, develops electricity. 
Thus 100,000,000 dynamo-magnet stars in motion y 



30 ELECTRICITY, 

are capable of producing electrical energy sufficient 
f° r all demands for power for a universe. 

"Conservation , " as a fundamental law of cosmical 
science, is now universally accepted, and, since the 
electrical energy developed through the action of the 
mass and the velocities of a universe of stars, can be 
neither lost, wasted, nor diverted, it must constitute 
the universal force. 

THE HYPOTHETICAL BURNING SUN. 

The foregoing cosmical facts and principles show 
the supposed incandescent sun in its true character, 
i. e. , as a gigantic illusion — an unmitigated fallacy. 
Thus, while the mere superficialities of that body — 
its apparent heat and brilliancy — have controlled the 
minds of men during all the past ages, the evidences 
against that hypothesis have been abundant, demon- 
strable, and wholly unquestioned. 

THE UNITARY SCIENCE, THE SCIENCE OF 
THE FUTURE. 

According to the opinions of the most distinguished 
authorities in the field of science — Aristotle, Humboldt, 
Agassiz, and a multitude of others, the distinguishing 
feature in the coming philosophy will be Unity, and 
electrical science reveals all worlds as one, all 



THE UNIVERSAL FORCE. 31 

force as one, all life as one, the universe a unit. 
Since all physical phenomena are now found to be 
merged into a single principle of nature, the Unitary 
Science becomes the science of the future, with its 
foundations securely resting upon the greatest of cos- 
mical principle^, i. e., electricity, the universal 
force. 

Dunkirk, N. Y., 1898. 



